As your husband is a Canadian citizen, he does not need to travel with you when you land in Canada. However, given that you are gaining PR due to spousal sponsorship it could look very weird to the border officer if your husband is not with you.

Your landing in Canada has no affect on your husband’s residency though, presumably, as part of the sponsorship application your husband pledged to move back to Canada with you. Regardless, your immigration status and your husband’s tax status are not connected.

Yes, you can live outside of Canada with your Canadian citizen husband and not violate the residence requirement.

You will lose your visitor status when you become a PR. When you land as a permanent resident, you will complete the PR Card application. The PR Card will not be issued for six weeks. If you leave Canada without your PR Card, you have to have it sent to you.

Please note that your intentions, though they do not violate the letter of the law, appear to violate the spirit of the law. Sponsorship is for people intending to live in Canada.

If you have a valid multiple entry visitor visa you can indeed travel abroad while waiting for your sponsorship application. However, do note that if you travel without your wife, you could have trouble re-entering the country as border guards don’t always admit people they know are waiting approval on sponsorship applications.

If you have lived together for 12 months and you submit the sponsorship application before your work permit expires, you can stay in Canada during the process. Travelling outside of Canada with your partner is fine, but you should definitely travel together.

You need to get married before you sponsor him for permanent residence and this needs to happen before his work permit expires.

One of you has to get a visitor visa to visit the other so you can marry in Canada or Australia. Alternatively, you could marry in India.

Once you are married, you can sponsor him for permanent residence. If you marry in Canada, it will be an inland sponsorship. If you marry in Australia or India, it will likely be an outland sponsorship.

She has to sponsor her husband regardless.

If the child is born in Canada, it will be a Canadian citizen. If the child is born in Iran, she will have to sponsor the child.

If the husband can get a visitor visa, he can be sponsored “inland” and they can all live together in Canada.

You can marry him once he is here.

Once you are married you can sponsor him for permanent residence. He does not have to leave as long as he has legal status in Canada when you submit the sponsorship application.

You can get married immediately, you just need to apply for marriage license.

The official processing time is 12 months, regardless of whether its outland or inland.

If Indonesia allows you to renew your passport in Canada, then you can do it in Vancouver or anywhere else.

You can apply for a work permit as part of your inland sponsorship application.

If you are doing outland sponsorship, you need a valid visitor visa to visit your husband in Canada.

Once you’re married, you can sponsor him. But you’ll have a hard time convincing the authorities it’s a legitimate relationship if you submit the sponsorship application immediately after you marry.

The age difference will definitely be investigated. The more proof you can provide that the relationship is genuine, the better.